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Vietnam’s economic transformation over the last three decades has been a remarkable success story. The country has gone from one of the poorest in the world to a thriving lower middle-income economy, thanks to comprehensive economic reforms and rapid structural transformation from an agriculture-based economy ...

1. BackgroundVietnam declared independence in 1975 after more than 1000 years of colonization, war and conflict. At this point, Vietnam was one of the world’s poorest countries. However, in a period of 15 years, Vietnam transformed from an agricultural-based society into a transitioning lower-middle income ...

Investment in public infrastructure has been one of the key driving forces for Vietnam’s economic development over recent decades. Infrastructure accounted for 53% of total Official Development Assistance (ODA) received between 2010-2017.87Vietnam has heavily invested in transportation, particularly roads, airports, and seaports. Vietnam’s public and ...

The New Normal: Mekong Delta faces droughts and saltwater intrusion1. The SituationVietnam’s Mekong Delta is the third-largest delta on Earth and home to nearly 18 million people, whose livelihoods rely mainly on agricultural and aquacultural production. Considered the “Rice Bowl” of Vietnam, the Delta supports ...

Vietnam is a multi-ethnic, multi-cultural and multi-religious country. Vietnam was among 12 countries in the world and six countries in the Asia Pacific region, recognized as having a very high degree of religious diversity under global religious diversity surveys by the Pew Forum Institute (USA).214 ...

Land ConsolidationLand in Vietnam is divided into extremely small parcels by world standards. The average agricultural landholding is 1,560 square meters per capita, which is less than one-third of standard holdings in Thailand or Cambodia. Up to 70% of rural households have land use rights ...

Vietnam is pushing toward Industry 4.0 with the government’s Digital Transformation Agenda (DTA) to leverage digital technologies to drive economic growth, improve governance, and promote social development. Digital transformation is being promoted as the key to unlocking the country’s two primary development goals: achieving net ...

The role of agriculture in VietnamThe agriculture sector plays a crucial role in Vietnam’s economy and society. In Vietnam, the sector includes crop production, livestock, fisheries, and forestry. Vietnam’s tropical climate, fertile soil, abundant water supply and rich biodiversity means that after 40 years of ...

Vietnam’s civil society and ethnic minoritiesIntroductionIn Vietnam, ethnic minorities are supported by a network of non-governmental organizations, known as “civil society”. Civil society includes international non-governmental organizations (INGOs), Vietnamese mass organizations, Vietnamese umbrella organizations, Vietnamese NGOs (VNGOs), community-based organizations (CBOs), and professional organizations, although professional ...

Vietnam’s population and housing census is conducted every ten years and begins on April 1st. The country has conducted five population and housing censuses since the revolution in 1975, specifically in April of 1979, 1989, 1999, 2009 and 2019.440 The fifth population and housing census ...

Vietnam is one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world. S-shaped with a 3,440 km coastline, its unique geographic location in the monsoon belt of Southeast Asia and diverse topography means that Vietnam suffers from many different types of natural hazards, including typhoons, tropical ...

The National Targeted Program on New Rural Development – 10 years review and way forwardIntroductionIn Vietnam, rural development is nearly synonymous with agricultural sector development. Agriculture itself is crucial in Vietnamese policy, as it forms the backbone of the country’s economy. Thus, rural development has ...

The global pursuit of Green Growth has transformed into an essential agenda in a world grappling with escalating environmental degradation, climate change, and the depletion of finite resources. This concept strives to balance prosperity and ecological sustainability by decoupling economic growth from resource consumption and ...

Climate Change (CC) is the change in weather, and related patterns of oceans, land, surface, and ice sheets such as temperature, ice melt, and sea level rise. While CC has historically been a natural occurrence, current CC is believed to be caused by human activities ...

The Government of Vietnam considers forests an important ecological resource, valuable for the socio-economic development and well-being of communities throughout the country. Forests play a major role in adapting to climate change as well as in regular environmental functions such as preventing erosion and maintaining ...

Water resources in Vietnam are quite diverse, comprising both natural and artificial water bodies. The countries water resources are under increasing pressure from over-exploitation due to increased irrigation demand, urban and industrial development, as well as concentrated areas of increasing population. 829 Ensuring national water security is ...

Key LawsCircular No. 34/2009 / TT-BNNPTNT on the criteria for determining and classifying forests (2009)Decree No.117/2010/ND-CP on Organization and Management of the Special-Use Forest System (2010)Land Law (2013)Law on Forestry (2017)—replaced Law on Forest Protection and Development (2004)Classifying Forest LandAll land and the natural resources ...

Vietnam’s 0.3 hectare of agricultural land per person is among the lowest in the world. Vietnam’s Constitution holds that land and other natural resources are "public property, owned by all the people..." Vietnamese law does not recognize customary forms of tenure, and communities (villages) do ...

International aid plays a significant but decreasing role in Vietnam’s national expenditure. For example in 2013, official development assistance (ODA) as a percentage of the national budget had decreased to 11.2% from 25.4% in 2003.951 The nature of development assistance has changed a lot over ...