Vietnam’s economic transformation over the last three decades has been a remarkable success story. The country has gone from one of the poorest in the world to a thriving lower middle-income economy, thanks to comprehensive economic reforms and rapid structural transformation from an agriculture-based economy ...

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Vietnam’s civil society and ethnic minoritiesIntroductionIn Vietnam, ethnic minorities are supported by a network of non-governmental organizations, known as “civil society”. Civil society includes international non-governmental organizations (INGOs), Vietnamese mass organizations, Vietnamese umbrella organizations, Vietnamese NGOs (VNGOs), community-based organizations (CBOs), and professional organizations, although professional ...

The role of agriculture in VietnamThe agriculture sector plays a crucial role in Vietnam’s economy and society. In Vietnam, the sector includes crop production, livestock, fisheries, and forestry. Vietnam’s tropical climate, fertile soil, abundant water supply and rich biodiversity means that after 40 years of ...

Land ConsolidationLand in Vietnam is divided into extremely small parcels by world standards. The average agricultural landholding is 1,560 square meters per capita, which is less than one-third of standard holdings in Thailand or Cambodia. Up to 70% of rural households have land use rights ...

1. BackgroundVietnam declared independence in 1975 after more than 1000 years of colonization, war and conflict. At this point, Vietnam was one of the world’s poorest countries. However, in a period of 15 years, Vietnam transformed from an agricultural-based society into a transitioning lower-middle income ...

The New Normal: Mekong Delta faces droughts and saltwater intrusion1. The SituationVietnam’s Mekong Delta is the third-largest delta on Earth and home to nearly 18 million people, whose livelihoods rely mainly on agricultural and aquacultural production. Considered the “Rice Bowl” of Vietnam, the Delta supports ...

Vietnam is one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world. S-shaped with a 3,440 km coastline, its unique geographic location in the monsoon belt of Southeast Asia and diverse topography means that Vietnam suffers from many different types of natural hazards, including typhoons, tropical ...

Vietnam’s population and housing census is conducted every ten years and begins on April 1st. The country has conducted five population and housing censuses since the revolution in 1975, specifically in April of 1979, 1989, 1999, 2009 and 2019.370 The fifth population and housing census ...

Vietnam surface water system includes all of the water in rivers, streams, lakes, ponds, and wetlands, as well as the ocean, in which river water resources are the most important that are widely used in livelihood and production. River near Sa Pa, Vietnam, a frontier town and ...

The National Targeted Program on New Rural Development – 10 years review and way forwardIntroductionIn Vietnam, rural development is nearly synonymous with agricultural sector development. Agriculture itself is crucial in Vietnamese policy, as it forms the backbone of the country’s economy. Thus, rural development has ...

Investment in public infrastructure has been one of the key driving forces for Vietnam’s economic development over recent decades. Infrastructure accounted for 53% of total Official Development Assistance (ODA) received between 2010-2017.501Vietnam has heavily invested in transportation, particularly roads, airports, and seaports. Vietnam’s public and ...

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), also known as the Global Goals, are universal targets designed to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity in each UN member state by 2030. They are intended to continue the progress made ...

Customary and Communal Land PracticesCustomary practices of land use are established patterns of behavior that are locally recognized in rules and customs, either oral or written 615. Unlike national laws and policies, customary practices (sometimes called “customary law”) are developed and adapted over time by ...

Climate Change (CC) is the change in weather, and related patterns of oceans, land, surface, and ice sheets such as temperature, ice melt, and sea level rise. While CC has historically been a natural occurrence, current CC is believed to be caused by human activities ...

Water resources in Vietnam are quite diverse, comprising both natural and artificial water bodies. The countries water resources are under increasing pressure from over-exploitation due to increased irrigation demand, urban and industrial development, as well as concentrated areas of increasing population. 741 Ensuring national water security is ...

Vietnam is a multi-ethnic, multi-cultural and multi-religious country. Vietnam was among 12 countries in the world and six countries in the Asia Pacific region, recognized as having a very high degree of religious diversity under global religious diversity surveys by the Pew Forum Institute (USA).777 ...

IntroductionVietnam is considered a multi-ethnic country, made up of 54 ethnic groups. The Kinh ethnic group makes up 85.4% of Vietnam’s population, or 78.32 million people. The remaining 53 ethnic groups make up only 14.6% of the country’s population (see Table 1).801Although Vietnam voted in ...

International aid plays a significant but decreasing role in Vietnam’s national expenditure. For example in 2013, official development assistance (ODA) as a percentage of the national budget had decreased to 11.2% from 25.4% in 2003.884 The nature of development assistance has changed a lot over ...

IntroductionThe Vietnamese Government recognizes 53 ethnic minorities946 Other counts suggest the existence of more than 90 groups, amounting to approximately 10 million people, or nearly 10% of Vietnam’s population.947 Most ethnic minorities inhabit remote areas of Vietnam and have their own belief systems which are ...